Hey kamu jangan malas

HBEL3103 Teaching of writing
Topic 1: Mechanics of writing: the art of writing

• When teaching how to write, focus on 1 objective at a time-1st, correct formation, size, slant.
• young children should use large large writing/panting tools for better control.
• for best result, handwriting practice should be scheduled every day.
• handwriting practice consists of copying, not creating, letters, words & sentences.
• penmanship: ability to record our thoughts & memories, sign that someone has been educated.

Topic 2 : Definition of writing
1.3 def according to Nunan (2003): a) perceives writing as both a physical & mental act. b) discerns writing with dual purpose, which is to express & impress. c)recognise writing as both a process and a product.
2. Background to the teaching of writing: examplary writing was performed from a set of rules & principles. "rules of writing" touched more on correctness of form over function. Correct spelling, grammar & overall organisation were the essential evidences of second language profiency.
3. Students' writing needs( Methodologies proposed by Peter Elbow & Donald Murray):

• Expressivism: stud are encouraged to wrote openly & personally. Aimed at getting stud to relax & to reassure them in the act of writing. to help them not to be afraid to make errors.
• Cognitivism: providing important insights into how stud write & learn. Stud define problems, investigate & presenting their arguments, come to consider logical conclusions.
• Constructionism: evolved when concerns for diversity, bilingualism/multilingualism & political issues informed the teaching of writing in ESL settings in 1980s & 1990s. Lnguage & form of writing arose from the target community. 

4. 4 principles for teaching writing:  1) Understnd ur studs' needs for writing 2)make arrangement for studs to write 3)provide constructive & meaningful feedback 4) explain ur studs how their writing will be evaluated (non-weighted, weighted & holistic rubrics)
5. Principles for planning writing techniques( the guidelines)

• integrate routines for examplary writers
• mtach process & product
• consider studs' cultural background
• link reading to writing
• equip studs with authentic writing
• compose according to the steps in the process writing approach (3 steps of composing: pre-writing, drafting & revising)

6. Classroom writing techniques tasks: 1) invention techniques: brainstorming, word mapping, quick-writing).
7. Writing: 1)Drafting: focus on the development & the organisations of those ideas more than dev of perfect grammar, punctuation or spelling. 2) Feedback: tcer makes comments more on ideas & organisation, can also utilise peer feedback. 3) Revising: talk about process of reorganisation, developing ideas, separate from editing for grammar or spelling.
7.1) proofreading & editing: studs should read for mistakes in spelling, grammar, punctuation & so forth.

Gambar untuk menambahkan ketegangan urat saraf...hehe..just kidding