Hey kamu jangan malas2

Topic 3: The writing process
1. Purpose & audience: a) know ur audience b) establishing ur purpose c) formulating the mesage d) choosing ur style & tone.
- writing purpose: 1) to entertain 2) to inform 3) to persuade
-audience: must know the terms used in the field written.
2. The writing purpose: generally conducted as a group work.

• pre-writing stage: clarifies the purpose of writing, thinking, talking, drawing, remembering,test ideas about content & form.(select topic, generating & organise ideas)
• while-writing stage: burst of writing as ideas seek expression in the form of words.(drafting, getting feedback, revising, editing)
• post-writing stage : modification & intention to writing mechanics (presentation,display)
• outcomes: publishing & sharing provide responses that help discover how effective/valuable their writing

3. Rationale for pre-writing:

• encourage imaginative exploration
• discover what interests of the subject
• systematically gathering information
• sketching out possible structure for the essay
• saves time

4. Techniques to encourage studs to generate ideas:

• free writing
• questioning
• making a list/ brainstorming
• diagramming/ mapping/ clustering
• preparing a scratch outline

5. Drafting: the attempt at actually writing the essay.
    -Suggestions that will help with the actual writing:

• rewrite ur thesis statement at the top of ur 1st page
• write 1st paragraph, introducing essay & stating ur thesis
• follow ur plan as u write
• look over the supporting details
• turn the details into sentences
• ending essay in an appropriate fashion

6. Feedback/conferencing:
-encourages to take a conscientious approach to ur writing
-use a system of marginal annotations to evaluate
7. Revising:
-re-writing a paper, adds coherence, variety, transition, emphasis & details.
8. Editing:
-to fix errors in grammar, punctuation & spelling
9. Publishing:
-sharing one's writing with an audience, reinforce the concept of an audience

Topic 4 : Supporting students to write
1. Techniques to support students as they learn to write:

• modelled writing (purpose: to demonstrate writing activity & conventions, how to use writing strategies 
• shared writing (purpose: to demonstrate writing through thinking aloud, generate studs ideas, to create written texts)
• interactive writing (purpose:  to demonstrate how to write words & sentences, use phonics & spelling patterns, use capital letters, punctuation marks, to create written text)
• guided writing (purpose: to scaffold a writing experience, introduce different types of writing actvt, to teach writing process, procedure, concepts,strategies & skills during mini-lessons.  
• independent writing (purpose: to provide authentic context for writing practice, opportunities to choose writing topics & forms, to gain writing fluency & stamina, as tool for learning, to make & publish books)

2. Steps in LEA (language experience approach) Ashton-Warner(1965) & Stauffer (1970)

• provide background knowledge before writing
• discuss & share the experience
• record the child's dictation
• read the text aloud, pointing to each word
• widen & develop the writing & reading experience
• assemble sentence cards

3. Suggested activities for interactive writing:

• write predictions before reading
• write responses after reading
• write letters and other messages
• make lists
• write daily news, recipes, poems
• make poster

4. Steps in interactive writing:

• collect materials (chart, coloured marking pens etc)
• offer stimulus
• work out a text
• distribute materials for studs to exploit
• write the 1st sentence word-by-word
• display the completed writing chart on class notice board